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Graphite products for the heat treatment industry mainly include: graphite heating rods, graphite furnace bed guides, graphite nozzles, graphite conductive rods, graphite connectors, graphite columns, graphite furnace bed holders, graphite screws, graphite nuts and graphite beams.
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Graphite sheets have found applications where heat conductivity and thermal treatment involve. Particularly, there are two main areas where pyrolytic graphite sheets are employed namely thermal transfer and thermal interface. They are efficient and useful in developing tools and equipment that are applied where the temperature controlling process has to be performed in an isolated packaging because of downsizing and that the package has to be lightweight.
What is Graphite? Graphite is an allotrope of carbon, meaning it's one of the different forms that pure carbon can take (like diamond or fullerene).
Layered Structure: Graphite has a unique layered structure. Each layer is a single sheet of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice (like honeycomb). These layers are called graphene.
Weak Interlayer Bonds: The layers are held together by weak van der Waals forces, which allows them to slide past each other easily. This gives graphite its softness and lubricating properties.
Excellent Conductivity: Graphite is an excellent conductor of electricity and heat within each layer (along the graphene sheet). However, conductivity is lower perpendicular to the layers.
Chemical Inertness: Graphite is relatively chemically inert, meaning it doesn't easily react with other substances.
High Temperature Resistance: Graphite has a high melting point and can withstand high temperatures.
Natural Graphite Sheets: Made from mined natural graphite that is processed into sheets. Can be flake graphite that has been rolled into sheets. Quality varies depending on the source and processing.
Synthetic Graphite Sheets: Made from petroleum coke or other carbon-rich materials that are heated to high temperatures to create a graphite structure. Typically more consistent in quality and purity than natural graphite.
Flexible Graphite Sheets: These are typically made from expanded graphite. Expanded graphite is created by treating graphite with chemicals that cause it to expand significantly, resulting in a material with high flexibility and compressibility. It can be easily formed into sheets of various thicknesses and densities.
Reinforced Graphite Sheets: Can be combined with other materials like polymers or metals to enhance specific properties like strength, stiffness, or thermal conductivity.
Graphite sheets have a wide range of applications due to their unique properties:
Thermal Management:
Heat Spreaders: Used in electronics (laptops, smartphones, LEDs, power supplies) to dissipate heat away from hot components and prevent overheating. This is one of the most common applications.
Heat Sinks: Can be used as components in heat sinks to improve thermal performance.
Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs): Graphite sheets can act as a thermal interface material, filling gaps between components and heat sinks to improve heat transfer.
Batteries:
Anodes: Graphite is a key component in the anodes of lithium-ion batteries. The layered structure allows lithium ions to intercalate (insert) between the layers.
Seals and Gaskets:
Flexible graphite sheets are often used in seals and gaskets due to their ability to conform to surfaces and maintain a seal under high temperatures and pressures.
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding:
Graphite sheets can be used to shield electronic devices from EMI.
Lubrication:
While not typically used as sheets for lubrication, the lubricating properties of graphite are fundamental to its use in other forms.
Fuel Cells:
Used in bipolar plates in fuel cells due to their conductivity and corrosion resistance.
Other Applications:
Aerospace: Used in aircraft components for thermal management and lightweighting.
Automotive: Used in various applications, including thermal management and gaskets.
High-Temperature Furnaces: Used as liners and components in high-temperature furnaces.
Excellent Thermal Conductivity: Efficiently dissipates heat.
Lightweight: Reduces the overall weight of devices and systems.
Flexible (in the case of flexible graphite): Can conform to complex shapes.
Chemically Inert: Resists corrosion and degradation.
High-Temperature Resistance: Can withstand high temperatures without degrading.
EMI Shielding: Protects sensitive electronics from interference.
Good Electrical Conductivity: Can conduct electricity.
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