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Tensile Strength
The ability to resist being pulled apart. Extruded graphite has relatively low tensile strength compared to metals or ceramics. It's typically higher in the direction of extrusion (parallel to the grain).
Typical Value: 10-40 MPa (1,450-5,800 psi)
Factors Influencing: Graphite grade, density, porosity, binder type, grain size, and orientation. Impregnation with resins can significantly increase tensile strength.
Compressive Strength
The ability to resist being crushed. Extruded graphite has significantly higher compressive strength than tensile strength. Again, it's usually higher parallel to the grain.
Typical Value: 40-100 MPa (5,800-14,500 psi)
Factors Influencing: Similar to tensile strength - graphite grade, density, porosity, binder type, grain size, and orientation. Impregnation also improves compressive strength.
Flexural Strength (Bending Strength)
The ability to resist bending.
Typical Value: 20-60 MPa (2,900-8,700 psi)
Factors Influencing: Similar to tensile and compressive strength.
Hardness
Resistance to indentation. Graphite is relatively soft.
Typical Value (Shore Scleroscope): 30-60
Factors Influencing: Graphite grade, density, and impregnation. Higher-density grades are generally harder.
Elastic Modulus (Young's Modulus)
A measure of stiffness.
Typical Value: 8-15 GPa (1.2-2.2 million psi)
Factors Influencing: Graphite grade, density, and orientation.
Thermal Conductivity
Ability to conduct heat. Extruded graphite has good thermal conductivity, particularly in the direction of extrusion.
Typical Value: 80-150 W/m·K (parallel to grain) and 50-100 W/m·K (perpendicular to grain) at room temperature.
Factors Influencing: Graphite grade, density, grain size, and orientation. Higher-density, larger-grain grades tend to have higher thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity generally decreases with increasing temperature.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE)
The amount a material expands or contracts per degree Celsius (or Fahrenheit) change in temperature. Graphite has a low CTE, which is desirable for applications where dimensional stability is important.
Typical Value: 1-5 x 10^-6 /°C (parallel to grain) and 5-8 x 10^-6 /°C (perpendicular to grain).
Factors Influencing: Graphite grade, temperature, and orientation.
Specific Heat Capacity
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of the material by 1 degree Celsius.
Typical Value: ~710 J/kg·K at room temperature.
Factors Influencing: Relatively consistent across different graphite grades.
Maximum Use Temperature
The highest temperature at which the material can be used without significant degradation. This depends heavily on the environment.
Inert or Reducing Atmosphere: Up to 3000°C (5432°F)
Oxidizing Atmosphere (Air): Limited to around 450-550°C (842-1022°F) due to oxidation. Coatings or impregnation with oxidation inhibitors can improve high-temperature performance in air.
Electrical Resistivity
A measure of how well a material resists the flow of electrical current. Graphite has good electrical conductivity (low resistivity).
Typical Value: 8-15 µΩ·m (parallel to grain) and 12-20 µΩ·m (perpendicular to grain) at room temperature.
Factors Influencing: Graphite grade, density, grain size, temperature, and orientation. Higher-density grades generally have lower resistivity. Resistivity increases with increasing temperature.
Density
Mass per unit volume.
Typical Value: 1.6-1.9 g/cm³ (100-120 lb/ft³)
Factors Influencing: Graphite grade, binder content, and processing conditions. Impregnation can significantly increase density.
Porosity
The amount of void space within the material. Graphite is inherently porous.
Typical Value: 10-30% (can be reduced with impregnation)
Factors Influencing: Graphite grade, binder content, and processing conditions.
Grain Size
The average size of the graphite particles. Finer grain sizes generally result in higher strength and better surface finish but may also lead to lower thermal and electrical conductivity.
Ash Content
The amount of non-combustible material remaining after the graphite is burned.
Typical Value: < 0.1% to a few percent, depending on the grade. Lower ash content is generally desirable for high-purity applications.
Coefficient of Friction
Graphite is a solid lubricant, so it has a low coefficient of friction, especially when sliding against itself or other materials.
Typical Value: 0.05-0.1 (depending on conditions).
Factors Influencing: Graphite grade, surface finish, load, speed, and temperature.
Wear Rate
Graphite has good wear resistance under many conditions.
Factors Influencing: Graphite grade, load, speed, temperature, and the presence of abrasive particles.
Characteristics: low density, low resistivity, fine particles, low ash content, good mechanical and electro-thermal properties, easy to finish.
Uses: In small smelting furnace, calcium carbide furnace, aluminum silicate cotton furnace, electrofusion magnesium sand furnace, ceramic sand furnace to do electrode to produce a variety of refractory and thermal insulation bottle materials. It should also be transported to the production of electrolytic manganese powder.
Physical and chemical performance index:
| Bulk Density g/cm³ | ≥1.6-1.65 |
| Coefficient of Expansion ( 100-600 ℃)10-61/℃ | ≤2.6 |
| Ash % | ≤1 |
| Resistivity μΩ-m | ≤15 |
| Flexural strength Mpa | ≥15 |
| Compressive strength Mpa | ≥22.2 |
| Sulfur | ≤0.09% |
Attention:
1. all grades of ash can be purified to 50ppm.
2. Special requirements for specifications can be produced individually.
3. density, mechanical strength and corrosion resistance can be improved by further impregnation.
Specification Dimensions:
| Rod | Diameter (mm) | Length (mm) |
| Size Range | 0-600 | 0-2500 |
| Standard Size | 20/25/30/35/40/45/50/60/63/70/72/75 | 0-2500 |
Note: Larger sizes can be specially pressed, smaller ones can be further processed, and processed parts can be made with anti-oxidation and anti-corrosion coatings according to drawing requirements. (Antioxidant coating or silicon carbide coating).
Characteristics: graphite has uniform structure, low ash content, high density, high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, strong thermal shock resistance, good electrical conductivity and high mechanical strength.
Main uses: graphite electrodes are mainly used in electric arc furnace steelmaking. It is also used in the production of ferroalloys, pure silicon, yellow phosphorus, ice copper and calcium carbide in mineral heat furnace. At the same time, it is used in the head and lining of resistance furnace. It is also widely used in processing various shaped graphite products.
Graphite Electrode Physical and Chemical Indexes :
|
Physical and Chemical Performance Index |
Unit |
Ordinary Power |
Impregnated Electrodes |
high power |
Ultra High Power |
|||||
|
≤φ400 |
≥φ450 |
≤φ400 |
≥φ450 |
≤φ400 |
≥φ450 | ≤φ400 | ≥φ450 | |||
| Resistivity | Electrodes |
µΩ•m |
7.0-8.5 | 7.5-9.0 | 5.3-6.5 | 5.4-7.0 | 5.2-6.3 | 5.3-6.5 | 4.5-5.8 | 4.5-5.8 |
| Join | 4.2-5.2 |
3.8-4.8 |
3.5-4.5 |
3.4-4.0 |
||||||
|
Flexural Strength |
Electrodes |
Mpa |
7.5-9.5 | 7.0-8.5 | 10.5-15 | 10.5-15 |
10.5-15 |
10.5-15 |
10-15 |
10-15 |
|
Join |
17-22 |
18-24 |
20-26 |
21-30 |
||||||
|
Modulus of Elasticity |
Electrodes |
Gpa | 6.0-9.0 |
9-12 |
9-12 |
9-12 |
||||
|
Join |
12-16 |
13-18 |
13-18 |
13-18 |
||||||
|
Ash |
Electrodes |
% |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
||||
|
Join |
|
|
||||||||
|
Bulk Density |
Electrodes |
G/cm³ | 1.54-1.62 | 1.64-1.72 | 1.65-1.72 | 1.66-1.73 | ||||
|
Join |
1.72-1.77 |
1.74-1.79 |
1.75-1.81 |
1.77-1.84 |
||||||
|
Thermal Expansion |
Electrodes |
10.6/℃ | 2.0-2.4 |
1.9-2.3 |
1.6-1.8 |
1.1-1.5 |
||||
|
Join |
1.5-2.0 |
1.3-1.8 |
1.3-1.5 |
0.9-1.2 |
||||||
Size
| Rod | Diameter (mm) | Length (mm) |
| Size Range | 0-600 | 0-2500 |
|
gauge |
50/70/100/200/300/400/500 |
100/1800/2000 |
Surface imperfections: Rough textures, streaks, or bubbles. Dimensional inconsistencies: Variations in thickness or shape. Warping or bending: Caused by uneven cooling or improper material selection.
Extruded molding is a manufacturing process where raw material (typically plastic, rubber, or metal) is heated and forced through a die to create continuous shapes with a fixed cross-section. This method is commonly used for producing tubing, weather stripping, pipes, and other linear profiles.
Some common materials used in extruded molding include: Plastics: PVC, ABS, Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Polystyrene (PS), Polycarbonate (PC), and Nylon. Rubber: EPDM, Silicone, Neoprene, and Natural Rubber. Metals: Aluminum, Copper, and Stainless Steel.
Cost-effectiveness: Efficient for high-volume production. Consistency: Produces uniform cross-sections with precise dimensions. Customization: Various profiles, shapes, and material compositions are possible. Versatility: Can produce flexible, rigid, hollow, or solid forms.
Automotive: Seals, trims, and tubing. Construction: Weather stripping, window frames, and piping. Medical: Catheters, tubing, and surgical equipment. Electronics: Wire insulation and protective casings. Aerospace: Lightweight tubing and structural components.
Plastic extrusion: Uses thermoplastics that are melted and formed into shape before cooling. Rubber extrusion: Involves elastomers that are cured or vulcanized after extrusion for durability and flexibility.
Application requirements: Strength, flexibility, and resistance to heat, chemicals, or UV exposure. Regulatory compliance: FDA, RoHS, or other industry-specific standards. Environmental impact: Recyclability and sustainability concerns.
Yes, extruded materials can undergo additional processing such as: Cutting Drilling Printing Coating Thermal treatment
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